1, boleng ba Hydroxyl: 1 gram polymer polymer e nang le palo ea hydroxyl (-OH) e lekanang le palo ea limiligrama tsa KOH, yuniti mgKOH/g.
2, E lekanang: karolelano ea boima ba molek'hule ea sehlopha se sebetsang.
3, Likahare tsa Isocyanate: litaba tsa isocyanate ka molek'hule
4, index ea Isocyanate: e bonts'a tekanyo ea ho fetella ha isocyanate ka foromo ea polyurethane, hangata e emeloa ke tlhaku R.
5. Chain extender: E bua ka lino tse tahang tse tlaase tsa molek'hule le li-amine tse ka atolosang, tsa atolosa kapa tsa theha marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a liketane tsa limolek'hule.
6. Karolo e thata: Karolo ea ketane e entsoeng ke karabelo ea isocyanate, chain extender le crosslinker holim'a ketane e kholo ea limolek'hule tsa polyurethane, 'me lihlopha tsena li na le matla a mangata a ho kopanya, bophahamo bo boholo ba sebaka le ho tiea ho hoholo.
7, Karolo e bonolo: carbon carbon main chain polymer polymer, ho tenyetseha ho lokile, ka har'a ketane ea mantlha ea polyurethane bakeng sa karolo e feto-fetohang ea ketane.
8, Mokhoa oa mohato o le mong: e bua ka oligomer polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender le catalyst e tsoakiloeng ka nako e le 'ngoe ka mor'a ente e tobileng ka hlobo, ka mokhoa o itseng oa ho folisa mocheso.
9, Mokhoa oa Prepolymer: Oligomer polyol ea pele le diisocyanate prepolymerization reaction, ho hlahisa NCO e thehiloeng polyurethane prepolymer, ho tšollela le karabelo ea prepolymer ka ketane extender, ho lokisoa ha mokhoa oa polyurethane elastomer, o bitsoang mokhoa oa prepolymer.
10, Semi-prepolymer mokhoa: phapang pakeng tsa mokhoa oa semi-prepolymer le mokhoa oa prepolymer ke hore karolo ea polyester polyol kapa polyether polyol e kenngoa ho prepolymer ka mokhoa oa motsoako o nang le ketane extender, catalyst, joalo-joalo.
11, Rection ente molding: E boetse e tsejoa e le Reaction Injection Molding RIM(Reaction Injection Moulding), e lekanngoa ka li-oligomers tse nang le boima bo tlase ba molek'hule ka sebopeho sa mokelikeli, se kopantsoeng hang-hang le ho kenngoa ka har'a hlobo ka nako e le 'ngoe, le karabelo e potlakileng ho hlobo, boima ba molek'hule ea lintho tse bonahalang e eketseha ka potlako. Mokhoa oa ho hlahisa li-polymer tse ncha ka ho felletseng tse nang le sebopeho se secha sa lihlopha ka lebelo le holimo haholo.
12, Foaming index: ke hore, palo ea likarolo tsa metsi tse sebelisoang likarolong tse 100 tsa polyether e hlalosoa e le foaming index (IF).
13, karabelo e phophomang: hangata e bua ka karabelo ea metsi le isocyanate ho hlahisa urea e nkeloang sebaka le ho lokolla CO2.
14, Karabelo ea Gel: hangata e bua ka sebopeho sa karabelo ea carbamate.
15, Nako ea Gel: tlas'a maemo a itseng, thepa ea metsi ho etsa gel e hloka nako.
16, Nako ea Milky: qetellong ea Zone I, ketsahalo ea milky e hlaha motsoakong oa mokelikeli oa polyurethane. Nako ena e bitsoa nako ea tranelate nakong ea tlhahiso ea foam ea polyurethane.
17, Coefficient ea katoloso ea ketane: e bolela karo-karolelano ea palo ea lihlopha tsa amino le hydroxyl (yuniti: mo1) ka har'a likaroloana tsa ketane (ho kenyeletsoa le ketane e tsoakiloeng) ho palo ea NCO ho prepolymer, ke hore, palo ea mole. (nomoro e lekanang) ea sehlopha se sebetsang sa hydrogen ho NCO.
18, polyether e tlase ea unsaturation: haholo-holo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea PTMG, theko ea PPG, unsaturation e fokotsehile ho 0.05mol/kg, haufi le ts'ebetso ea PTMG, e sebelisa DMC catalyst, mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tsa Bayer Acclaim.
19, Ammonia ester grade solvent: tlhahiso ea polyurethane solvent ho nahana ka matla a ho qhibiliha, sekhahla sa volatilization, empa tlhahiso ea polyurethane e sebelisoang ka solvent, e lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho nahanela NC0 e boima ka polyurethane. Li-solvents tse kang joala le li-ether alcohols tse sebetsanang le lihlopha tsa NCO li ke ke tsa khethoa. Sehlahisoa se ke ke sa ba le litšila tse kang metsi le joala, 'me ha se khone ho ba le lintho tsa alkali, tse tla etsa hore polyurethane e senyehe.
Sehlahisoa sa ester ha se lumelloe ho ba le metsi, 'me ha sea lokela ho ba le li-acids tse sa lefelloeng le lino tse tahang, tse tla itšoara ka lihlopha tsa NCO. Ester solvent e sebelisoang ka polyurethane e lokela ho ba "ammonia ester grade solvent" ka bohloeki bo phahameng. Ke hore, solvent e arabela ka isocyanate e feteletseng, ebe palo ea isocyanate e sa sebetseng e khethoa ka dibutylamine ho hlahloba hore na e loketse ho sebelisoa. Molao-motheo ke hore tšebeliso ea isocyanate ha e sebetse, hobane e bontša hore metsi a ester, joala, acid ea boraro e tla ja boleng bohle ba isocyanate, haeba palo ea ligrama tsa solvent e hlokahalang ho ja sehlopha sa leqNCO e hlahisoa, boleng ke botsitso bo botle.
Isocyanate e lekanang le tlase ho 2500 ha e sebelisoe joalo ka mokelikeli oa polyurethane.
Polarity ea solvent e na le tšusumetso e kholo karabelong ea sebopeho sa resin. Ha polarity e kholoanyane, karabelo e liehang, joalo ka toluene le methyl ethyl ketone phapang ea makhetlo a 24, polarity ena ea solvent e kholo, e ka theha maqhama a hydrogen le sehlopha sa joala sa hydroxyl mme e etsa hore karabelo e be butle.
Polychlorinated ester solvent e molemo ho khetha solvent e nkhang hamonate, lebelo la bona la karabelo le potlakile ho feta ester, ketone, joalo ka xylene. Tšebeliso ea li-solvents tsa ester le ketone e ka eketsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea polyurethane e nang le makala a mabeli nakong ea kaho. Ha ho etsoa liphahlo, khetho ea "ammonia-grade solvent" e boletsoeng pejana e molemo ho li-stabilizers tse bolokiloeng.
Li-solvents tsa Ester li na le ho qhibiliha ho matla, tekanyo e itekanetseng ea ho fetoha, chefo e tlaase 'me e sebelisoa ho feta, cyclohexanone e boetse e sebelisoa ho feta, li-solvents tsa hydrocarbon li na le matla a tlaase a ho qhibiliha, tšebeliso e fokolang e le 'ngoe, le tšebeliso e eketsehileng le lihlapolli tse ling.
20, Setsi sa ho foka ka 'mele: Setsi sa ho foka ha 'mele ke li-pores tsa foam li thehoa ka phetoho ea sebopeho sa ntho, ke hore, ka ho atolosoa ha khase e hatelitsoeng, ho fetoha ha metsi kapa ho qhibiliha ha ntho e tiileng.
21, Li-chemical blowing agents: lik'hemik'hale tse fehlang lik'hemik'hale ke tse ka lokollang likhase tse kang carbon dioxide le naetrojene ka mor'a ho bola ha mocheso, 'me li etsa li-pores tse ntle ka har'a motsoako oa polymer oa motsoako.
22, Crosslinking ea 'mele: ho na le liketane tse thata ka har'a ketane e bonolo ea polymer,' me ketane e thata e na le thepa ea 'mele e tšoanang le ea rabara e hlasetsoeng ka mor'a hore lik'hemik'hale li kopane ka mocheso o ka tlase ho ntlha e nolofatsang kapa ntlha ea ho qhibiliha.
23, Chemical crosslinking: e bua ka mokhoa oa ho hokahanya liketane tse kholo tsa limolek'hule ka litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tlas'a ketso ea leseli, mocheso, mahlaseli a matla a matla, matla a mechine, ultrasound le li-crosslinking agents ho etsa polymer ea marang-rang kapa sebopeho sa sebopeho.
24, Foaming index: palo ea likarolo tsa metsi tse lekanang le likarolo tse 100 tsa polyether e hlalosoa e le foaming index (IF).
25. Ke mefuta efe ea li-isocyanate e sebelisoang ka tloaelo mabapi le sebopeho?
A: Aliphatic: HDI, alicyclic: IPDI,HTDI,HMDI, Aromatic: TDI,MDI,PAPI,PPDI,NDI.
26. Ke mefuta efe ea li-isocyanate e sebelisoang ka tloaelo? Ngola foromo ea sebopeho
A: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4 '-disocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate (PAPI), liquefied MDI, hexamethylene-disocyanate (HDI).
27. Moelelo oa TDI-100 le TDI-80?
A: TDI-100 e entsoe ka toluene diisocyanate e nang le sebopeho sa 2,4; TDI-80 e bolela motsoako o nang le 80% toluene diisocyanate ea 2,4 sebopeho le 20% ea 2,6 sebopeho.
28. Litšobotsi tsa TDI le MDI ke life ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane?
A: Reactivity bakeng sa 2,4-TDI le 2,6-TDI. Reactivity ea 2,4-TDI e phahame ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho feta ea 2,6-TDI, hobane NCO ea 4-position ho 2,4-TDI e hole le sehlopha sa 2-position NCO le methyl,' me ho na le hoo e ka bang ha ho na khanyetso ea steric, ha NCO ea 2,6-TDI e angoa ke phello ea steric ea sehlopha sa ortho-methyl.
Lihlopha tse peli tsa NCO tsa MDI li arohane haholo 'me ha ho na tse ling tse potolohileng, kahoo mosebetsi oa NCO tse peli o batla o le moholo. Esita le haeba NCO e le 'ngoe e kenya letsoho karabelong, mosebetsi oa NCO e setseng e fokotsehile,' me mosebetsi o ntse o le moholo ka kakaretso. Ka hona, reactivity ea MDI polyurethane prepolymer e kholo ho feta ea TDI prepolymer.
29.HDI, IPDI, MDI, TDI, NDI ke efe ea khanyetso e mosehla e molemo?
A: HDI (ke ea invariant yellow aliphatic diisocyanate), IPDI (e entsoeng ka resin ea polyurethane e nang le botsitso bo botle ba optical le lik'hemik'hale tse hanyetsanang le lik'hemik'hale, tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho hlahisa resin ea polyurethane e sa fetoheng ea boemo bo holimo).
30. Sepheo sa ho fetola MDI le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho fetola
A: Liquefied MDI: Sepheo se fetotsoeng: Liquefied pure MDI is a liquefied modified MDI, e hlolang mefokolo e meng ea MDI e hloekileng (e tiileng mochesong oa kamore, ho qhibiliha ha ho sebelisoa, ho futhumatsa hangata ho ama ts'ebetso), hape e fana ka motheo oa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng. ea liphetoho bakeng sa ntlafatso le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane tse thehiloeng ho MDI.
Mekhoa:
① MDI e fetotsoeng ka metsi e fetotsoeng urethane.
② carbodiimide le uretonimine e fetotsoeng liquefied MDI.
31. Ke mefuta efe ea li-polymer polyols tse sebelisoang hangata?
A: Polyester polyol, polyether polyol
32. Ho na le mekhoa e mekae ea tlhahiso ea indasteri bakeng sa polyester polyols?
A: Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa Vacuum B, mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa khase C, mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa azeotropic
33. Mehaho e khethehileng holim'a mokokotlo oa limolek'hule oa polyester le polyether polyols ke life?
A: Polyester polyol: Motsoako oa joala oa macromolecular o nang le sehlopha sa ester mokokotlong oa molek'hule le sehlopha sa hydroxyl (-OH) sehlopheng sa ho qetela. Polyether polyols: Li-polymers kapa li-oligomers tse nang le li-ether bond (-O-) le lihlopha tsa ho qetela (-Oh) kapa lihlopha tsa amine (-NH2) mohahong oa mokokotlo oa molek'hule.
34. Ke mefuta efe ea polyether polyols ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa bona?
A: Li-polyether polyols tse sebetsang haholo, li-polyether tse hlomathisitsoeng, li-polyether tse thibelang mollo, li-polyols tse fetotsoeng tsa heterocyclic, polytetrahydrofuran polyols.
35. Ho na le mefuta e mekae ea li-polyethers tse tloaelehileng ho latela sesebelisoa sa ho qala?
A: Polyoxide propylene glycol, polyoxide propylene triol, hard bubble polyether polyol, polyether unsaturation polyol e tlaase.
36. Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa li-polyethers tsa hydroxy-terinated le polyethers tse felisitsoeng ke amine?
Li-aminoterminated polyethers ke polyoxide allyl ethers moo qetello ea hydroxyl e nkeloang sebaka ke sehlopha sa amine.
37. Ke mefuta efe ea li-catalyst tsa polyurethane tse sebelisoang hangata? Ke mefuta efe e sebelisoang hangata e kenyellelitsoeng?
A: Li-catalyst tse phahameng tsa amine, mefuta e sebelisoang hangata ke: triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-methylmorpholine,N, n-dimethylcyclohexamine.
Metallic alkyl metsoako, mefuta e sebelisoang hangata ke: li-catalyst tsa organotin, li ka aroloa ka stannous octoate, stannous oleate, dibutyltin dilaurate.
38. Ke lintho life tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ketane ea polyurethane kapa crosslinkers?
A: Polyols (1, 4-butanediol), alicyclic alcohols, joala bo monko o monate, li-diamine, li-amine tsa joala (ethanolamine, diethanolamine)
39. Mokhoa oa ho itšoara oa isocyanate
A: Boitšoaro ba li-isocyanate tse nang le metsoako ea hydrogen e sebetsang bo bakoa ke setsi sa nucleophilic sa molek'hule e sebetsang ea hydrogen e hlaselang athomo ea carbon e thehiloeng ho NCO. The reaction mechanism ke ka tsela e latelang:
40. Sebopeho sa isocyanate se ama joang reactivity ea lihlopha tsa NCO?
A: The electronegativity ea sehlopha sa AR: haeba sehlopha sa R e le sehlopha se monyang elektronike, leru la elektronike la athomo ea C sehlopheng sa -NCO le tlaase, 'me le kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke nucleophiles, ke hore, ho bonolo ho etsa liketso tsa nucleophilic ka joala, li-amine le metsoako e meng. Haeba R e le sehlopha sa bafani ba elektronike 'me e fetisetsoa ka leru la elektronike, leru la elektronike la athomo ea C sehlopheng sa -NCO le tla eketseha, le etse hore le se ke la hlaseloa ke tlhaselo ea li-nucleophile, le bokhoni ba lona ba ho itšoara ka metsoako ea hydrogen e sebetsang e tla eketseha. fokotseha. B. Induction effect: Hobane diisocyanate e nkhang hamonate e na le lihlopha tse peli tsa NCO, ha mofuta oa pele oa -NCO o kenya letsoho karabelong, ka lebaka la phello ea conjugated ea lesale la monko o monate, sehlopha sa -NCO se sa keneng karabelo se tla phetha karolo. ea sehlopha se monyang elektronike, e le hore ts'ebetso ea karabelo ea sehlopha sa pele sa NCO e ntlafatsoe, e leng phello ea induction. C. phello ea steric: Ka limolek'hule tsa diisocyanate tse nkhang hamonate, haeba lihlopha tse peli -NCO li le selikalikoe se nkhang hamonate ka nako e le 'ngoe, joale tšusumetso ea sehlopha se le seng sa NCO ho reactivity ea sehlopha se seng sa NCO hangata se bohlokoa haholo. Leha ho le joalo, ha lihlopha tse peli tsa NCO li le meheleng e fapaneng e nkhang hamonate molek'huleng e le 'ngoe, kapa li arotsoe ke liketane tsa hydrocarbon kapa mehele e nkhang hamonate, tšebelisano pakeng tsa tsona e nyane,' me e fokotseha ka keketseho ea bolelele ba ketane ea hydrocarbon kapa ho eketseha ha palo ea mehele e nkhang hamonate.
41. Mefuta ea metsoako ea hydrogen e sebetsang le NCO reactivity
A: Aliphatic NH2> Aromatic group Bozui OH> Water > Secondary OH> Phenol OH> Carboxyl group > Substituted urea > Amido> Carbamate. (Haeba leru la elektronike la setsi sa nucleophilic le phahame, motlakase oa motlakase o matla, 'me ts'ebetso ea karabelo ka isocyanate e phahame mme lebelo la ho arabela le potlakile; ho seng joalo, mosebetsi o tlaase.)
42. Tšusumetso ea metsoako ea hydroxyl ho reactivity ea bona le isocyanate
A: The reactivity of active hydrogen compounds (ROH kapa RNH2) e amana le thepa ea R, ha R e le sehlopha sa ho hula elektronike (low electronegativity), ho thata ho fetisetsa liathomo tsa hydrogen, le karabelo pakeng tsa metsoako ea hydrogen e sebetsang le. NCO e thata ho feta; Haeba R e le sebaka sa ho fana ka elektronike, ho sebetsa hape ha metsoako ea hydrogen e sebetsang le NCO ho ka ntlafatsoa.
43. Tšebeliso ea karabelo ea isocyanate ka metsi ke efe
A: Ke e 'ngoe ea likarabelo tsa mantlha mabapi le ho lokisoa ha foam ea polyurethane. Boitšoaro pakeng tsa bona pele bo hlahisa acid e sa tsitsang ea carbamic, e ntan'o robeha CO2 le amine, 'me haeba isocyanate e feta, amine e hlahisoang e arabela le isocyanate ho theha urea.
44. Ha ho etsoa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane, metsi a polymer polyols a lokela ho laoloa ka thata.
A: Ha ho na li-bubble tse hlokahalang ho li-elastomers, li-coatings le likhoele, ka hona, metsi a teng ka har'a thepa e tala e tlameha ho laoloa ka thata, hangata e ka tlase ho 0.05%.
45. Phapang ea litlamorao tsa amine le li-tin ka karabelo ea isocyanate.
A: Li-catalyst tsa tertiary amine li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea matla bakeng sa karabelo ea isocyanate ka metsi, athe li-catalyst tsa tin li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea matla bakeng sa karabelo ea isocyanate le sehlopha sa hydroxyl.
46. Ke hobane'ng ha resin ea polyurethane e ka nkoa e le polymer e thibelang, hona litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa ketane ke life?
Karabo: Hobane karolo ea ketane ea resin ea polyurethane e entsoe ka likarolo tse thata le tse bonolo, karolo e thata e bua ka karolo ea ketane e entsoeng ke karabelo ea isocyanate, chain extender le crosslinker holim'a ketane e kholo ea limolek'hule tsa polyurethane, 'me lihlopha tsena li na le kopanyo e kholoanyane. matla, bophahamo bo boholo ba sebaka le ho satalla ho hoholo. Karolo e bonolo e bua ka polymer polymer ea carbon-carbon main chain, e nang le maemo a bonolo ebile e le karolo e tenyetsehang ka har'a ketane e kholo ea polyurethane.
47. Ke lintlha life tse amang thepa ea thepa ea polyurethane?
A: Matla a bonngoe ba sehlopha, bond ea hydrogen, crystallinity, crosslinking degree, boima ba molek'hule, karolo e thata, karolo e bonolo.
48. Ke lisebelisoa life tse tala tse nang le likarolo tse bonolo le tse thata holim'a ketane e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane
A: Karolo e bonolo e entsoe ka oligomer polyols (polyester, polyether diols, joalo-joalo), 'me karolo e thata e entsoe ka polyisocyanates kapa motsoako oa tsona le li-extensions tse nyenyane tsa molek'hule.
49. Likarolo tse bonolo le likarolo tse thata li ama thepa ea thepa ea polyurethane joang?
A: Karolo e bonolo: (1) Boima ba molek'hule ea karolo e bonolo: ho nka hore boima ba molek'hule ea polyurethane bo tšoana, haeba karolo e bonolo e le polyester, matla a polyurethane a tla eketseha ka ho eketseha ha boima ba molek'hule. polyester diol; Haeba karolo e bonolo e le polyether, matla a polyurethane a fokotseha ka ho eketseha ha boima ba molek'hule ea polyether diol, empa elongation ea eketseha. (2) Bokhabane ba karolo e bonolo: E na le tlatsetso e kholo ho crystallinity ea karolo ea linear polyurethane chain. Ka kakaretso, crystallization e molemo bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane, empa ka linako tse ling crystallization e fokotsa mocheso o fokolang oa thepa, 'me polymer ea crystalline hangata e opaque.
Karolo e thata: Karolo e thata ea ketane hangata e ama mocheso o bonolo le o qhibilihang le thepa ea mocheso o phahameng oa polymer. Li-polyurethanes tse lokiselitsoeng ke li-isocyanate tse nkhang hamonate li na le mehele e monko o monate, kahoo matla a polymer karolong e thata a eketseha, 'me matla a thepa hangata a maholo ho feta a aliphatic isocyanate polyurethanes, empa ho hanyetsa ho senyeha ha ultraviolet ho fokola,' me ho bonolo ho ba mosehla. Aliphatic polyurethanes ha e mosehla.
50. Sehlopha sa foam sa polyurethane
A: (1) foam e thata le foam e bonolo, (2) foam e phahameng le e tlaase, (3) mofuta oa polyester, foam ea mofuta oa polyether, (4) mofuta oa TDI, mofuta oa MDI foam, (5) foam ea polyurethane le foam ea polyisocyanurate, (6) mokhoa oa mohato o le mong le tlhahiso ea mokhoa oa prepolymerization, mokhoa o tsoelang pele le tlhahiso ea nakoana, (8) thibela foam le foam e bōpiloeng.
51. Boitšoaro ba motheo ka ho lokisetsa foam
A: E bua ka karabelo ea -NCO e nang le -OH, -NH2 le H2O, 'me ha e arabela ka polyols, "gel reaction" ts'ebetsong ea foaming hangata e bolela karabelo ea sebōpeho sa carbamate. Hobane lisebelisoa tse tala tsa foam li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tala tse nang le mesebetsi e mengata, ho fumanoa marang-rang a marang-rang, a lumellang tsamaiso ea foaming hore e potlakele ho phalla.
Boitšoaro ba ho foaming bo hlaha tsamaisong ea ho foaming ka boteng ba metsi. Seo ho thoeng ke "foaming reaction" hangata se bolela karabelo ea metsi le isocyanate ho hlahisa urea e nkeloang sebaka le ho lokolla CO2.
52. Mokhoa oa Nucleation oa li-bubble
Thepa e tala e sebetsa ka har'a mokelikeli kapa e itšetlehile ka mocheso o hlahisoang ke karabelo ho hlahisa ntho e nang le khase le ho etsa hore khase e fetohe. Ka tsoelo-pele ea karabelo le tlhahiso ea mocheso o mongata oa karabelo, bongata ba lintho tsa gaseous le volatilization li ile tsa eketseha ka ho tsoelang pele. Ha mahloriso a khase a eketseha ho feta khatello ea saturation, bubble e tsitsitseng e qala ho theha mohato oa tharollo ebe oa phahama.
53. Karolo ea foam stabilizer ho lokisetsa foam polyurethane
A: E na le phello ea emulsification, e le hore ho qhibiliha ka bobeli pakeng tsa likarolo tsa thepa ea foam ho ntlafatsoe; Kamora ho eketsoa ha silicone surfactant, hobane e fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a γ ea mokelikeli haholo, matla a eketsehileng a sa lefelloeng a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hasana ha khase a fokotsehile, e le hore moea o qhalakantsoeng linthong tse tala o ka ba le nucleate nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya. e thusa ho hlahisa li-bubble tse nyane le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba foam.
54. Mokhoa oa botsitso oa foam
A: Ho eketsoa ha li-surfactants tse loketseng ho thusa ho theha phallo e ntle ea bubble.
55. Mokhoa oa ho thehoa ha foam ea sele e bulehileng le foam e koetsoeng ea sele
A: Mokhoa oa ho theha foam ea sele e bulehileng: Maemong a mangata, ha ho e-na le khatello e kholo ka har'a bubble, matla a lerako la bubble le entsoeng ke karabelo ea gel ha a phahame, 'me filimi ea lebota ha e khone ho mamella ho otlolla ho bakoang. ka khatello ea khase e ntseng e phahama, filimi ea lerako la bubble e huloa, 'me khase e baleha ho phatloha, e etsa foam e bulehileng ea sele.
Mokhoa oa ho theha foam ea lisele tse koetsoeng: Bakeng sa sistimi e thata ea bubble, ka lebaka la karabelo ea polyether polyols e nang le limolek'hule tse ngata tse sebetsang le tse tlase tse nang le polyisocyanate, lebelo la gel le batla le potlakile, 'me khase e bubble ha e khone ho roba lebota la bubble. , kahoo ho etsa foam ea lisele tse koetsoeng.
56. Mochine o phophomang oa 'mele oa ho foaming le lik'hemik'hale tse foaming
A: Moemeli oa ho foka ka 'mele: Moemeli oa ho foka 'meleng ke masoba a foam a thehoa ka phetoho ea sebopeho sa ntho e itseng, ke hore, ka ho atolosoa ha khase e hatelitsoeng, ho fetoha ha metsi kapa ho qhibiliha ha ntho e tiileng.
Lintho tse fehlang lik’hemik’hale: Lintho tse fehlang lik’hemik’hale ke metsoako eo, ha e bolisoa ke mocheso, e ntšang likhase tse kang carbon dioxide le naetrojene ebe e etsa masoba a matle ka har’a polima.
57. Mokhoa oa ho itokisa oa foam e bonolo ea polyurethane
A: Mokhoa oa mohato o le mong le mokhoa oa prepolymer
Mokhoa oa Prepolymer: ke hore, polyether polyol le ho feta TDI reaction e etsoa prepolymer e nang le sehlopha sa mahala sa NCO, ebe se kopantsoe le metsi, catalyst, stabilizer, joalo-joalo, ho etsa foam. Mokhoa oa mohato o le mong: Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tse tala e kopantsoe ka ho toba hloohong ea ho kopanya ka ho bala, 'me mohato o entsoe ka foam, e ka aroloa ka ho tsoelang pele le ho sa khaotse.
58. Litšobotsi tsa ho foaming tse rapameng le ho foamisa ka ho otloloha
Mokhoa o leka-lekaneng oa poleiti ea khatello: e khetholloang ka tšebeliso ea pampiri e ka holimo le sekoahelo se ka holimo. Overflow groove mokhoa: e tšoauoa ka tšebeliso ea overflow groove le conveyor lebanta lulisa poleiti.
Litšobotsi tse otlolohileng tsa foaming: o ka sebelisa phallo e nyane ho fumana sebaka se seholo sa li-foam blocks, 'me hangata o sebelisa mochini o otlolohileng oa foaming ho fumana karolo e ts'oanang ea block, boemo ba phallo ke makhetlo a 3 ho isa ho a 5 ho feta a otlolohileng. ho phophoma; Ka lebaka la karolo e kholo ea sefapano sa foam block, ha ho na letlalo le ka holimo le le ka tlaase, 'me letlalo le bohale le boetse le tšesaane, kahoo tahlehelo ea ho itšeha e fokotsehile haholo. Thepa e akaretsa sebaka se senyenyane, bophahamo ba polante bo ka ba 12 ~ 13m, 'me litšenyehelo tsa matsete tsa polante le lisebelisoa li tlase ho feta tsa mokhoa o tšekaletseng oa ho foqoha ha makoeba; Ho bonolo ho nka sebaka sa hopper le mohlala ho hlahisa 'mele oa foam oa cylindrical kapa rectangular, haholo-holo li-billet tse chitja tsa foam bakeng sa ho itšeha ka rotary.
59. Lintlha tsa motheo tsa khetho ea thepa e tala bakeng sa ho itokisa ha foaming e bonolo
A: Polyol: polyether polyol bakeng sa foam e tloaelehileng ea li-block, boima ba limolek'hule ka kakaretso ke 3000 ~ 4000, haholo-holo polyether triol. Polyether triol e nang le boima ba molek'hule ea 4500 ~ 6000 e sebelisoa bakeng sa foam e phahameng ea ho mamella. Ka ho eketseha ha boima ba limolek'hule, matla a tsitsitseng, bolelele le ho tiea ha foam lia eketseha. Reactivity ea li-polyethers tse tšoanang e fokotsehile. Ka ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea polyether, karabelo e batla e potlakile, tekanyo ea crosslinking ea polyurethane ea eketseha, ho thatafala ha foam hoa eketseha, 'me bolelele bo fokotseha. Isocyanate: Thepa e tala ea isocyanate ea polyurethane soft block foam ke haholo-holo toluene diisocyanate (TDI-80). Ts'ebetso e batlang e le tlase ea TDI-65 e sebelisoa feela bakeng sa foam ea polyester polyurethane kapa foam e khethehileng ea polyether. Catalyst: Melemo ea ts'ebeliso ea foam e ngata e bonolo e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: e' ngoe ke metsoako ea organometallic, stannous caprylate ke eona e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa; Mofuta o mong ke oa tertiary amines, o atisang ho sebelisoa e le dimethylaminoethyl ethers. Foam stabilizer: Ka polyester polyurethane bulk foam, li-non-silicon surfactants li sebelisoa haholo, 'me ka polyether bulk foam, organosilica-oxidized olefin copolymer e sebelisoa haholo. Foaming agent: Ka kakaretso, ke metsi feela a sebelisoang e le ntho e phophomang ha boima ba li-bubble tsa polyurethane bo feta 21 kg ka cubic meter; Metsoako e tlaase e belang e kang methylene chloride (MC) e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse thusang ho foka feela ka mekhoa e tlaase ea methapo.
60. Tšusumetso ea maemo a tikoloho ho thepa ea 'mele ea li-foam tse thibelang
A: Phello ea thempereichara: karabelo e phophomang ea polyurethane e potlakisa ha thempereichara ea lintho tse bonahalang e ntse e phahama, e leng se tla baka kotsi ea ho cha le mollo mefuteng e bobebe. Tšusumetso ea mongobo oa moea: Ka ho eketseha ha mongobo, ka lebaka la karabelo ea sehlopha sa isocyanate ka foam e nang le metsi moeeng, ho thatafala ha foam ho fokotseha 'me bolelele boa eketseha. Matla a tsitsitseng a foam a eketseha ka ho eketseha ha sehlopha sa urea. Phello ea khatello ea sepakapaka: Bakeng sa foromo e ts'oanang, ha ho foqoha foam sebakeng se phahameng, ho teteana ho fokotsehile haholo.
61. Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa sistimi e tala e sebelisetsoang foam e pholileng e pholileng le foam e bōpiloeng e chesang.
A: Thepa e tala e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa ho folisa serame e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng, 'me ha ho hlokahale ho futhumatsa ka ntle nakong ea phekolo, ho itšetlehile ka mocheso o hlahisoang ke tsamaiso, mokhoa oa ho phekola o ka phethoa ka nako e khutšoanyane,' me hlobo e ka phethoa ka nako e khutšoanyane. ho lokolloa ka mor'a metsotso e seng mekae ka mor'a ente ea lihlahisoa tse tala. Reactivity ea thepa e tala ea foam e folisang e chesang e tlase, 'me motsoako oa karabelo o hloka ho futhumatsoa hammoho le hlobo ka mor'a ho phophoma ka hlobo,' me sehlahisoa sa foam se ka lokolloa ka mor'a hore se hōle ka ho feletseng ka mocha oa ho baka.
62. Ke litšobotsi life tsa foam e bonolo e entsoeng ka serame ha e bapisoa le foam e chesang e chesang?
A: ① Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ha e hloke mocheso o kantle, e ka boloka mocheso o mongata; ② High sag coefficient (collapsibility ratio), ts'ebetso e ntle ea boiketlo; ③ Sekhahla se phahameng sa rebound; ④ Foam ntle le lelakabe retardant hape e na le lintho tse itseng tse thibelang malakabe; ⑤ Potoloho e khutšoane ea tlhahiso, e ka boloka hlobo, ea boloka litšenyehelo.
63. Litšobotsi le tšebeliso ea bubble e bonolo le bubble e thata ka ho latellana
A: Litšobotsi tsa li-bubble tse bonolo: Sebopeho sa sele sa li-bubble tse bonolo tsa polyurethane hangata se bulehile. Ka kakaretso, e na le letsoalo le tlase, ho hlaphoheloa hantle, ho monya molumo, ho kenella ha moea, ho boloka mocheso le lisebelisoa tse ling. Lisebelisoa: Haholo-holo e sebelisoa bakeng sa thepa ea ka tlung, lisebelisoa tsa cushion, lisebelisoa tsa setulo sa koloi, mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse bonolo tse entsoeng ka laminated, foam e bonolo ea indasteri le ea sechaba e boetse e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa filthara, lisebelisoa tsa ho koala molumo, lisebelisoa tse thibelang tšabo, thepa ea ho khabisa, thepa ea ho paka. le lisebelisoa tsa ho thibela mocheso.
Litšobotsi tsa foam e thata: foam ea polyurethane e na le boima bo bobebe, matla a khethehileng a phahameng le botsitso bo botle ba dimensional; Ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ka mocheso oa foam e thata ea polyurethane e phahame. Matla a matla a ho khomarela; Ts'ebetso e ntle ea botsofali, bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso ea adiabatic; Motsoako oa karabelo o na le mokelikeli o motle mme o ka tlatsa sekoti kapa sebaka sa sebopeho se rarahaneng hantle. Thepa e tala ea tlhahiso ea foam e thata ea polyurethane e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng, e ka fihlela pheko e potlakileng, 'me e ka fihlela katleho e phahameng le tlhahiso ea bongata fekthering.
Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa e le thepa ea ho kenya letsoho bakeng sa lihatsetsi, lihatsetsi, lijana tse nang le sehatsetsing, polokelo e batang, lipeipi tsa oli le lipeipi tsa metsi a chesang, lebota la mohaho le marulelo a marulelo, boto ea sandwich ea ho pata, joalo-joalo.
64. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo oa foromo ea bubble e thata
A: Polyols: polyether polyols e sebelisetsoang ho etsa foam e thata ka kakaretso ke matla a phahameng, boleng bo phahameng ba hydroxyl (boima bo tlaase ba molek'hule) polypropylene oxide polyols; Isocyanate: Hona joale, isocyanate e sebelisetsoang li-bubble tse thata ke haholo-holo polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (e tsejoang ka kakaretso e le PAPI), ke hore, MDI e tala le MDI ea polymerized; Metsi :(1)CFC e fefolang (2)HCFC le HFC e fefolang (3) phepelo ea pentane (4) metsi; Foam stabilizer: Foam stabilizer e sebelisetsoang ho etsa foam e thata ea polyurethane hangata ke "polymer" ea polydimethylsiloxane le polyoxolefin. Hajoale, li-stabilizers tse ngata tsa foam haholo-holo ke mofuta oa Si-C; Catalyst: The Catalyst of hard bubble formulation haholo-holo ke tertiary amine, 'me organotin catalyst e ka sebelisoa liketsahalong tse khethehileng; Li-additives tse ling: Ho latela litlhoko le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tsa foam tse thata tsa polyurethane, li-retardants tsa lelakabe, li-agent tse bulang, li-inhibitors tsa mosi, li-anti-botsofali, li-anti-mildew agents, li-toughening agents le li-additives tse ling.
65. Letlalo lohle le bōpa foam molao-motheo oa ho lokisetsa
A: integral skin foam (ISF), eo hape e tsejoang e le self skinning foam (self skinning foam), ke foam ea polasetiki e hlahisang letlalo la eona le teteaneng nakong ea ha e etsoa.
66. Litšobotsi le tšebeliso ea polyurethane microporous elastomers
A: Litšobotsi: polyurethane elastomer ke block polymer, ka kakaretso e entsoe ka oligomer polyol flexible long chain segment, diisocyanate le chain extender ho etsa karolo e thata, karolo e thata le karolo e bonolo ea karolo e 'ngoe, ho etsa yuniti ea sebopeho e pheta-phetoang. Ntle le ho ba le lihlopha tsa ammonia ester, polyurethane e ka theha maqhama a hydrogen ka hare le pakeng tsa limolek'hule, 'me likarolo tse bonolo le tse thata li ka etsa libaka tsa microphase le ho hlahisa karohano ea microphase.
67. Ke litšobotsi life tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebetso ea polyurethane elastomers
A: Litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso: 1, matla a phahameng le elasticity, e ka ba ka mefuta e mengata ea boima (Shaw A10 ~ Shaw D75) ho boloka elasticity e phahameng; Ka kakaretso, boima bo tlase bo hlokahalang bo ka finyelloa ntle le polasetiki, kahoo ha ho na bothata bo bakoang ke ho falla ha plasticizer; 2, tlas'a boima bo tšoanang, matla a ho jara a phahameng ho feta li-elastomer tse ling; 3, khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala, ho hanyetsa ha eona ke makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho a 10 ho feta a rabara ea tlhaho; 4. Ho hanyetsa oli le lik'hemik'hale tse babatsehang; Ho hanyetsa mahlaseli a polyurethane a nkhang hamonate; Ho hanyetsa oksijene e babatsehang le ho hanyetsa ozone; 5, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso e matla, ho hanyetsa mokhathala o motle le ho hanyetsa ho tsieleha, ho loketse bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa maqhubu; 6, maemo a tlaase a mocheso a bonolo; 7, polyurethane e tloaelehileng e ke ke ea sebelisoa ka holimo ho 100 ℃, empa tšebeliso ea foromo e khethehileng e ka mamella mocheso o phahameng oa 140 ℃; 8, litšenyehelo tsa ho bopa le ho sebetsa li batla li le tlase.
68. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li arotsoe ho ea ka polyols, isocyanates, mekhoa ea tlhahiso, joalo-joalo.
A: 1. Ho ea ka lihlahisoa tse tala tsa oligomer polyol, polyurethane elastomers e ka aroloa ka mofuta oa polyester, mofuta oa polyether, mofuta oa polyolefin, mofuta oa polycarbonate, joalo-joalo Mofuta oa polyether o ka aroloa ka mofuta oa polytetrahydrofuran le mofuta oa polypropylene oxide ho latela mefuta e itseng; 2. Ho ea ka phapang ea diisocyanate, e ka aroloa ka li-elastomers tsa aliphatic le tse nkhang hamonate, 'me tsa aroloa ka mofuta oa TDI, mofuta oa MDI, mofuta oa IPDI, mofuta oa NDI le mefuta e meng; Ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ka tloaelo li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro: mofuta oa ho lahla (CPU), thermoplasticity (TPU) le mofuta oa ho kopanya (MPU).
69. Ke lintlha life tse amang thepa ea polyurethane elastomers ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule?
A: Ho ea ka pono ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule, polyurethane elastomer ke "polymer" ea block, ka kakaretso e entsoe ka oligomer polyols flexible segment e telele ea ketane e bonolo, diisocyanate le chain extender ho theha karolo e thata, karolo e thata le karolo e bonolo ea tlhophiso e 'ngoe. yuniti ya sebopeho. Ntle le ho ba le lihlopha tsa ammonia ester, polyurethane e ka theha maqhama a hydrogen ka hare le pakeng tsa limolek'hule, 'me likarolo tse bonolo le tse thata li ka etsa libaka tsa microphase le ho hlahisa karohano ea microphase. Litšobotsi tsena tsa sebopeho li etsa hore li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li be le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala le ho tiea, tse tsejoang e le "rabara e sa tsitsang".
70. Phapang ea ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa mofuta o tloaelehileng oa polyester le polytetrahydrofuran ether mofuta oa elastomers.
A: Limolek'hule tsa polyester li na le lihlopha tse ngata tsa polar ester (-COO-), tse ka etsang li-bond tse matla tsa intramolecular hydrogen, kahoo polyester polyurethane e na le matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa ho apara le ho hanyetsa oli.
Elastomer e lokiselitsoeng ho tloha polyether polyols e na le botsitso bo botle ba hydrolysis, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, ho fetoha ha mocheso o tlase le ho hanyetsa hlobo. Mohloli oa lingoloa / Patlisiso ea ho ithuta ka polymer
Nako ea poso: Jan-17-2024